40 Years of Reform and Opening-up by Unknown

Author:Unknown
Language: eng
Format: epub, pdf
ISBN: 9789811662140
Publisher: Springer Nature Singapore

1. Differentiating policies for three different sectors of the service industry. According to the General National Standard (GNS) Services Sectoral Classification List and the provisions of the WTO Statistics and Information Systems Division (SISD), international trade in services includes 11 categories and 142 specific sectors. These sectors have different functions and positions. Among them, some sectors (such as finance, telecommunications, and press) are indeed related to national economic security and information security; some sectors (such as the legal sector) are related to national sovereignty; of course, some other sectors are not so important. Therefore, different countries open up different service sectors to different degrees. Even developed countries do not open up some service sectors or impose various restrictions on their opening-up. Based on the international environment and our actual conditions, we are to divide our service sectors into three categories: fully open, fully closed, and semi-open sectors, or free, non-free, and semi-free sectors. Fully open or free sectors, such as auto repair shops, photo shops, and barber shops, are subject to no special restrictions as long as they comply with China’s laws and policies. Fully closed or non-free sectors, such as legal and news service agencies, will not be opened up under any conditions. Semi-open or semi-free sectors, in their opening-up, are subject to special restrictions on territories, customers, time limit, forms of business, proportion of shares and so on. Categorizing sectors of the service industry and adopting different policies accordingly can ensure that the opening-up generally proceeds in an orderly manner. This is an urgent task to be carried out promptly. Otherwise, when the sectors that should not be opened are already opened, and those that should be semi-opened are fully opened, clearing up the messy situation will mean great losses.

2. Formulating and modifying laws, regulations, and policies concerning the service industry and trade in services. The protective measures for the primary and secondary industries include tariffs, quotas, the licensing system, technical standards, and environmental standards. In contrast, the protective measures for the tertiary industry are state laws, regulations, and policies. To meet the requirements of further opening up the service industry and trade in services, we must modify outdated laws, regulations, and policies and formulate new ones as soon as possible. Under the premise of governing the country according to law, we should bring the service industry and trade in services into line with the rule of law in a timely manner. In this way, when disputes occur in the future, we will have laws and standards to go by. Our laws and regulations for the service industry and services must be in line with international laws and regulations as well as WTO rules. Meanwhile, they must effectively protect domestic infant industries. Japan used to protect its domestic circulation industry with the Large-scale Retail Store Law. Its provisions applied to both domestic and foreign companies and complied with the principle of national treatment, but they were much easier to implement for domestic companies than for foreign companies, so few foreign companies have entered the Japanese circulation industry to date.

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